We investigated the effect of pandemic-related disruption on the frequency of non-grocery brick-and-mortar shopping. We conducted a quasi-longitudinal survey with structured ques- tions that captured shopping experiences before and during the disruption. We employed machine learning algorithms and statistical tests such as chi-square, random forest model, and permutation test. Based on the permutation test, prior to the disruption, online shop- ping frequency was the sole feature statistically associated with brick-and-mortar shopping frequency. During the disruption, perceived safety of online shopping emerged as the only statistically significant feature. Delivery vehicle-induced traffic issues were not statistically associated with brick-and-mortar shopping frequency. Although crowdsourced deliveries were not significant, they exhibited a proportional relationship with shopping frequency ac- cording to SHAP values. Regular retrieval of orders from parcel lockers did not result in more frequent visits to brick-and-mortar stores. We investigated the effect of several aspects of online shopping on brick-and-mortar shopping frequency, including the frequency of online shopping, frequency of online-order deliveries, attitudes toward online shopping, and perceived issues arising from last-mile delivery logistics. Using a quasi-longitudinal survey and two machine learning-based models, we offer insights into how disruptions alter shopping behaviour and attitudes.

@article{heideralmashalah-2025-1704,
  title={How Do Disruptions and Last-Mile Delivery Logistics Affect Shopping Behaviour?},
  author={Heider  Al Mashalah and Elkafi  Hassini and Deepa Bhatt  Mishra},
  journal={Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal},
  year={2025},
  volume={18},
  number={4},
  pages={600--616},
  doi={10.31387/oscm0630494}
}

Heider  Al Mashalah, Elkafi  Hassini, Deepa Bhatt  Mishra (2025). How Do Disruptions and Last-Mile Delivery Logistics Affect Shopping Behaviour?. Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 18(4), 600-616. https://doi.org/10.31387/oscm0630494